Governance and Leadership in Advancing Entrepreneurial Universities: Exploring Awareness and Change Dynamics in South Africa

Abstract

This research explores the role of awareness, as framed by the ADKAR (Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, and Reinforcement) change management model, in driving the transformation of South African higher education institutions (HEIs) into Entrepreneurial Universities (EnU). The study focuses on the critical question of whether raising awareness of entrepreneurship among academics can catalyse transformative changes within universities, fostering an entrepreneurial mindset and practices across the institution. In the context of South Africa’s socio-economic challenges, such as high unemployment and inequality, entrepreneurial universities are seen as key drivers of innovation and economic development.

The research findings underscore that awareness, the foundational step of the ADKAR model, is essential for initiating the entrepreneurial shift within HEIs. Academics who are aware of the importance of entrepreneurship are more likely to engage in activities that promote innovation, student entrepreneurship, and industry collaboration. However, the study also highlights that awareness alone is insufficient for a full institutional transformation. Leadership commitment and active involvement are critical in moving beyond awareness to implement sustainable entrepreneurial initiatives. Without strong leadership that aligns institutional governance structures and policies with entrepreneurial objectives, the entrepreneurial agenda may struggle to gain traction.

The research concludes that while raising awareness among academics is a necessary first step, leadership at universities must also be equipped with the skills and understanding to champion entrepreneurship at an institutional level. Comprehensive leadership training, continuous evaluation of entrepreneurial initiatives, and fostering cross-departmental and external collaborations are essential for sustaining momentum towards the full realisation of Entrepreneurial Universities in South Africa. This study contributes to the broader discourse on entrepreneurship in higher education by providing insights into the specific challenges and opportunities facing South African universities as they navigate the path towards becoming entrepreneurial institutions.