Associations Between Demographic and Socio-Economic Factors and Entrepreneurship in Brunei

Abstract

This study explores how demographic and socio-economic factors are associated with entrepreneurship in Brunei, drawing on nationally representative data from the Labour Force Survey. Using self-employment as a proxy for entrepreneurial activity, the analysis identifies the key individual-level characteristics associated with entrepreneurship in Brunei. Binary and multinomial logistic regression models were employed to assess predictors such as gender, age, education level, and household income. The findings reveal patterns indicative of necessity-driven entrepreneurship, especially among those with lower incomes and limited education. These insights contribute to a broader understanding of inclusive entrepreneurial dynamics in a small, resource-dependent economy. The study provides evidence-based recommendations to inform future targeted and socially responsive policy interventions. It also underlines the importance of considering demographic and socio-economic differences in the framework of entrepreneurship policies to support broader and more inclusive participation.