From Non-STEAM to Innovation: Developing Entrepreneurial and Technological Competencies through Hackathons

Abstract

In the context of accelerating digital transformation and the increasing demand for transversal competencies, higher education institutions are challenged to adopt innovative pedagogical approaches that foster entrepreneurial mindsets across different fields of study. Hackathons, originally rooted in software development, have evolved into interdisciplinary learning environments that promote creativity, collaboration and problem-solving. This study explores the role of a hackathon—Digit’all MakerDay—as a capacity-building mechanism for almost 200 students enrolled in non-STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics), professional higher education courses, at Polytechnic University of Cávado and Ave (Portugal). The primary objective of the hackathon was to introduce the participants to emerging fields such as technology and robotics, while simultaneously fostering entrepreneurial skills, innovation capacity, and teamwork. The event was structured during a whole day around key phases, including initial training, challenge presentation, ideation, prototyping, and final project presentation, simulating real-world innovation processes. A quantitative research approach was adopted through the administration of a post-event questionnaire to participating students. The survey aimed to assess the perceived development of both technical and transversal competencies identified by the World Economic Forum, including creativity, communication, adaptability, and problem-solving—skills highlighted as critical for future employability. The findings suggest that participation in the hackathon significantly contributed to the development of entrepreneurial attitudes and a broader set of personal and behavioral competencies. Additionally, students reported increased confidence in engaging with technological concepts such as robotics, despite their non-STEAM background. The collaborative and challenge-based nature of the hackathon environment proved particularly effective in stimulating innovation and experiential learning. This study reinforces the value of hackathons in the preparation of future professionals for responsible innovation. It also highlights their potential to bridge the gap between non-STEAM education and emerging technological domains, contributing to more holistic and future-oriented entrepreneurial education models.