Generative Artificial Intelligence and the Impact on Sustainability

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34190/icair.4.1.3024

Keywords:

Generative AI, Sustainability impact, Environmental sustainability, Economic sustainability, Social sustainability

Abstract

An increasingly popular subcategory of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is Generative AI (GAI), which encompasses technologies capable of creating new content, such as images, text, and music, often resembling outputs made by humans. The potential impact by GAI on sustainability is multifaceted. On the positive side, generative AI can aid in optimizing processes, developing innovative solutions, and identifying patterns in large datasets related to sustainability. This can lead to more efficient resource management, reduced energy consumption, and the creation of more sustainable products. However, there are also potential negative impacts, such as increased energy consumption associated with training and running generative AI models, as well as the potential for unintended consequences or biases in the generated content. Additionally, overreliance on generative AI may lead to reduced human oversight, which could undermine holistic, interdisciplinary, and collaborative approaches to sustainability. The aim of this paper is to explore the potential impacts on sustainability by generative artificial intelligence through a review of prior research on the topic.

The study was conducted with a scoping literature review approach to identify potential impacts by generative AI on sustainability. Data were collected through a search in the database Scopus during the spring semester of 2024. Keywords, relevant for the study, were combined with Boolean operators. Papers identified through the search underwent a manual screening process by the authors, in which papers were selected for inclusion or exclusion in the study based on a set of criteria. Included paper were then analyzed with thematic analysis, according to the guidelines by Braun and Clarke. A categorization matrix, based in prior research on sustainability, supported the analysis and deductive coding of collected data. Results of the study highlight generative AI’s potential impact on sustainability that relate to both environmental aspects, economic aspects, and social aspects of sustainability. These different aspects of sustainability impact make this research an important contribution for deepening the understanding of generative AI and its potential consequences for society. Findings of the study provide theoretical contribution, implications for practice, and recommendations for future research on generative AI and sustainability.

Author Biographies

Niklas Humble, Uppsala University

Niklas Humble is a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University (Sweden). Niklas is currently involved in Uppsala Computing Education Research Group (UpCERG) and Human, Technology and Organisation (HTO) research group where he is conducting research on the impact of Artificial Intelligence on Education and IT industry.

Peter Mozelius, Mid Sweden University

Peter Mozelius is an Associate Professor and Researcher, working at the Department of Education in Sundsvall, Mid Sweden University. Peter is currently developing courses on Aritificial intelligence in education (AIED), and Game-based learning. His research interests are in the fields of Lifelong learning, Artificial intelligence, Game-based learning and Programming education.

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Published

2024-12-04