Between Spirit and Silicon: Reflections on the Magisterium and Canon Law in the Interreligious Challenge of Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

This paper analyses the relationship between the Catholic Church and artificial intelligence, with a focus on the magisterium, canon law and the pastoral dimension. After an ethical-theological framework, the contribution of recent magisterium and canon law in the light of emerging technological challenges is examined. It also examines the comparative perspective of other monotheistic religions, Judaism and Islam, which, albeit in different ways, emphasise the importance of ethics, human dignity and moral responsibility in the use of AI. Beyond a descriptive overview, the paper critically engages with the limitations and risks of integrating AI into ecclesial life, especially concerning sacramental authenticity, pastoral accompaniment, and ecclesiastical governance. While AI can offer valuable tools for administrative efficiency and educational support, it also raises questions of depersonalisation, algorithmic bias, and potential erosion of pastoral authority. The aim is to offer a systemic, interdisciplinary and interreligious view of how the major religious traditions are positioning themselves with respect to the impact of artificial intelligence on human and community life. In conclusion, the paper argues for the development of a theologically informed regulatory framework that safeguards human dignity, strengthens the pastoral mission of the Church, and fosters interreligious cooperation in global ethical governance of AI.