Pedagogical Innovation through Generative AI: Benefits, Challenges, and Responsible Use in Higher Education

Abstract

The rapid integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) into higher education has transformed how students engage in learning and educational activities, including personalized learning, creativity, and knowledge production. This study aims to explore the adoption patterns, perceived benefits, and challenges of using GAI tools such as ChatGPT, DeepSeek, and Google Gemini in higher education. A quantitative survey was conducted with 102 students from higher education institutions across various disciplines and degree levels. Findings revealed that 77.5% of participants reported using GAI daily, master’s students reported the highest benefit perception scores, while ethical and accuracy concerns were identified as the most pressing challenges; PhD students adopted a more critical stance. Findings further suggest that GAI has a positive influence on academic engagement and creativity; however, concerns about the ethical implications, responsible use, and originality remain critical challenges. This study, by highlighting both opportunities and challenges, provides actionable insights for teachers, learners, policymakers, and technology developers. It emphasizes the need for artificial intelligence AI literacy and responsible integration to ensure that GAI fosters sustainable and meaningful pedagogical innovation in higher education.