Dehumanisation in Russian and Ukrainian Telegram in 2022: Strategic vs. Reactive approaches

Abstract

This paper presents a comparative analysis of dehumanising language on popular Telegram channels in Ukraine and Russia during the 2022 Russian invasion, examining differences between the two countries and how this language evolved over time. We use a mixed-methods approach to address two questions: who are the primary agents of dehumanisation in each country; and how did the use of dehumanising language develop both qualitatively and quantitatively following the invasion? Preliminary findings reveal a significant post-invasion rise in dehumanising language on both Russian and Ukrainian channels. However, Russian dehumanisation predominantly originates from state-affiliated channels, reflecting a top-down, strategic approach, often relying on clichés and disinformation amplifying historical grievances. In contrast, Ukrainian dehumanisation emerges from independent voices, including bloggers and community leaders, showing a bottom-up, reactive pattern. It appears more varied and emotionally expressive, showing a dynamic response to the immediate context. These findings suggest that dehumanisation in Russian Telegram may be strategically deployed to reinforce unity and historical grievances, whereas Ukrainian dehumanisation seems reactive, potentially serving as a protective response. This contrast highlights the importance of tailored strategies to address dehumanisation on social media from the perspectives of aggressor and defender in wartime.